Urinary Incontinence Due to Complete Ureteral Duplication With an Ectopic Vulvar Ureteral Orifice: A Case Report.

Ureteral duplication is one of the most common congenital malformations of the urinary tract and may be complete or incomplete. One of the complications of complete ureteral duplication is an ectopic ureter orifice, which, depending on the opening site, may cause urinary incontinence in females, a condition with potentially serious repercussions on the woman's quality of life. Thus, the present study aims to report the case of a 24-year-old female patient with a complaint of urinary incontinence since childhood. After a physical examination and imaging tests, she was diagnosed with complete ureteral duplication on the left side, associated with sequelar parenchymal atrophy of the upper pole of the left kidney, and ectopic vulvar ureter. The patient underwent a videolaparoscopic left upper polar nephrectomy, and her symptoms improved after surgery. This report intends to add to already available data in the literature, highlighting the relevance of anamnesis and physical examination in reaching a diagnosis and implementing appropriate treatment, thus improving the quality of life of individuals with this condition. In addition, these data should be useful both for the medical community and for future studies on this malformation.

Disruptores endócrinos: interações com o meio ambiente e puberdade / Endocrine disruptors: interactions with the environment and puberty

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar substâncias conhecidas como disruptores endócrinos e suas possíveis interferências no desenvolvimento puberal das meninas. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura feita a partir do levantamento e análise de 37 referências bibliográficas nas quais os autores chamam a atenção para as diversas formas de absorção de produtos ricos em componentes desequilibradores hormonais que, por ação conjunta e prolongada, interferem no sistema endócrino, promovendo antecipação no desenvolvimento dos caracteres sexuais secundários. Concluiu-se que a exposição a inúmeros agentes disruptores presentes no dia a dia das meninas, por ação prolongada e acumulativa, pode promover uma antecipação na maturação dos caracteres sexuais secundários.(AU)

This study aims to present substances known as endocrine disruptors and theirpossible interference in girls puberal development. This is a systematic review of the literaturebased on the survey and analysis of 37 bibliographical references in which the authors drawattention to the multiple ways of absorption of products rich in hormonal imbalancecomponents that by combined and prolonged action, interfere in the endocrine system, promoting anticipation in the development of secondary sexual characteristics. In conclusion, the exposure to numerous disrupting agents present in the daily lives of girls, by prolonged andcumulative action, can promote an anticipation in the maturation of secondary sexual characteristics.(AU)

Analysis of the sexual behavior of elderly women treated at a gynecological outpatient clinic / Análise do comportamento sexual de idosas atendidas em um ambulatório de ginecologia

Objective: to analyze the sexual behavior of the elderly women treated at the gynecological outpatient clinic over a period of one year, estimating the proportion of sexually active women, those with an interest in sex, and those who considered the activity of sex important for quality of life, among other findings. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study was performed. A pilot study was carried out in order to adjust and validate the data collection instrument. A convenience sample of 100 women was considered for the evaluation of socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behavior, including questions relating to sexual practice and interfering factors. The data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, and the associations were verified by Pearson's Chi-squared test, considering a significance of 5%. Results: it was observed that 60.0% of the elderly women felt sexual desire, although 26.0% were sexually active. While 75.5% reported that aging does not improve the quality of sex, 83.0% believed that it is important for quality of life and 78.0% affirmed that there is no age limit for sexual activity. The cultural view of the elderly may interfere with the maintenance of a sexual life, since 51.0% reported feeling sexual prejudice due to their age. Conclusion: sexuality is directly related to the perception of quality of life and as it is a vital human function, can interfere in the social, professional, physical and psychic performance of the individual. The practice of and the desire for sex are not extinguished with aging, which contradicts the myth that the elderly person is an asexual being.

Objetivo: analisar o comportamento sexual de pacientes idosas atendidas em um ambulatório de ginecologia, durante um ano, estimando, dentre outros, a proporção das sexualmente ativas, das que possuem interesse sexual e das que consideram o sexo importante para a qualidade de vida. Método: o estudo é transversal, descritivo e exploratório. Foi realizado um estudo piloto para ajustes e validação do instrumento de coleta de dados. A amostra foi composta por 100 mulheres para avaliação de características sociodemográficas e do comportamento sexual, incluindo questões sobre a prática sexual, e fatores interferentes. Após realizar a análise descritiva, as associações foram verificadas pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando uma significância de 5,0%. Resultados: observou-se que 60,0% das idosas sentem desejo sexual, porém 26,0% são sexualmente ativas; Apesar de 75,5% relatarem que o envelhecimento não melhora a qualidade sexual, 83,0% acreditam ser importante para a qualidade de vida e 78,0% afirmam não haver idade para o fim das relações. A visão cultural sobre o idoso pode interferir na manutenção da vida sexual, uma vez que 51,0% afirmam se sentirem vítimas de preconceito sexual devido à idade. Conclusão: a sexualidade está diretamente relacionada à percepção de qualidade de vida e, por ser uma função vital humana, pode interferir no desempenho social, profissional, físico e psíquico do indivíduo. A prática e o desejo sexual não são extintos com o envelhecimento, contrariando o mito de que a pessoa idosa é um ser assexuado.

Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex-Cord Tumors Initially Diagnosed as a Prolapsed Fibroid.

BACKGROUND: First described in 1945 by Morehead and Bowman, uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors (UTROSCT) are rare tumors of the uterine body that tend to occur in menopausal women presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and increased uterine volume. UTROSCT are usually diagnosed from incidental histological findings following hysterectomy performed due to a suspected endometrial polyp or uterine fibroids. OBJECTIVE: To report on a 46-year-old patient with abnormal vaginal bleeding. At physical examination, a pediculated nodular lesion was found protruding from the external cervical os. Histopathology of the resected lesion led to a diagnosis of UTROSCT. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was then performed. The patient is currently undergoing regular outpatient follow-up, with no evidence of disease after one year. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the patient's records, and macroscopic and microscopic images of the tumor were obtained. DISCUSSION: Reports of metastasis or recurrence are rare. UTROSCT are considered of uncertain malignant potential and no particular form of treatment is formally recommended, with hysterectomy currently being the treatment of choice. This patient will be followed up for five years during which clinical examination and tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis will be performed annually.

Bilateral Sertoli Cell Tumors in a Patient with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is the most common cause of male pseudohermaphroditism and the third most common cause of primary amenorrhea. This genetic alteration is a consequence of inherited defects on the X chromosome causing total or partial damage to the intrauterine virilization process due to functional abnormalities in the androgen receptors. The present report describes a 22-year-old patient with a female phenotype and a 46, XY karyotype, presenting with bilateral inguinal tumors. The tumors were surgically removed at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Pathology revealed bilateral testicles with Sertoli cell tumors. According to the international literature, prophylactic gonadectomy following puberty is recommended due to the progressive risk of neoplastic transformation in the residual gonads.

The use of biomarkers in clinical osteoporosis / O uso dos biomarcadores na clínica da osteoporose

Summary Osteoporosis is a disease of ascending character in the world population; in this context, bone biomarkers are being increasingly studied in order to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of these patients. The main objective of this study was a literature review of articles whose main theme was the use of biomarkers for bone formation and degradation, and to evaluate their possible applicability in clinical practice. Literature review was performed through articles indexed and published in the last five years in the PubMed database. The findings of this study showed that most of the previously selected articles were published in the last two years, and the most cited markers were bone resorption, C-terminal collagen telopeptide (CTX), showing the highest correlation with the dynamics of bone, and the biomarker of bone formation, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), which is increased in the event of fracture or may suggest another bone disease. There was an increase in published articles, associating different bone biomarkers and their clinical applicability, especially for treatment control. Our findings suggest that in recent years there has been significant increase in publications evaluating the use of bone turnover biomarkers for bone formation and resorption and their possible clinical applicability, especially in the monitoring of treatment. Still, we believe that further studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings, given the advantages that bone biomarkers can deliver in the clinical management of the disease.

Resumo A osteoporose é uma doença de caráter ascendente na população mundial. Nesse contexto, os biomarcadores ósseos vêm sendo cada vez mais estudados com o propósito de auxiliar no diagnóstico e acompanhamento desses pacientes. Os principais objetivos deste estudo incluem realizar uma revisão da literatura dos artigos cujo principal tema estudado foi a utilização dos biomarcadores de formação e degradação óssea, e avaliar uma possível aplicabilidade desses biomarcadores na prática clínica. A revisão da literatura foi realizada com artigos indexados e publicados nos últimos cinco anos, utilizando a base de dados PubMed. Os achados deste trabalho mostraram que a maioria dos artigos previamente selecionados foram publicados nos últimos dois anos, e os marcadores mais citados foram o de reabsorção óssea, o C-telopeptídeo do colágeno (CTX), que mostra maior correlação com a dinâmica do osso, e o biomarcador de formação óssea, a fosfatase alcalina específica do osso (BAP), cujos valores aumentados estão relacionados à vigência de fratura ou sugerem uma outra doença óssea. Foi observado um aumento dos artigos publicados associando os diferentes biomarcadores ósseos e uma possível aplicabilidade clínica, principalmente no controle do tratamento. As nossas conclusões sugerem que nos últimos anos houve aumento significativo das publicações avaliando o uso dos biomarcadores de remodelação óssea de formação e reabsorção e uma possível aplicabilidade clínica, principalmente na monitorização do tratamento. No entanto, acreditamos que novos estudos precisam ser conduzidos a fim de confirmar esses achados, tendo em vista as vantagens que os biomarcadores ósseos apresentam no manejo clínico da doença.

Paget Disease of the Vulva: Diagnosis by Immunohistochemistry.

The objective of this paper is to report a case of extramammary Paget disease of the vulva, to describe its diagnosis, surgical treatment, and outcome, and to discuss the general characteristics of this pathology. This is a rare neoplasm, found principally in areas in which apocrine and eccrine glands are numerous. This case report is relevant to the literature since the differential diagnosis of extramammary Paget disease is difficult to be done only with the macroscopic appearance of the lesion and even with the microscopic characteristics, requiring further studies, immunohistochemistry, as to differentiate pathologies. The present report describes the case of a 63-year-old patient at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia Hospital in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, who presented with a hardened, ulcerated, and purplish lesion with hyperchromic and hypochromic spots, measuring 4 cm in diameter, located on the lower third of right labium majus, close to the vaginal fourchette. A right hemivulvectomy was performed, leaving wide margins all around. The patient progressed satisfactorily following surgery. Although extramammary Paget disease is rare, its incidence increases as a function of the patient's age. Patients should be followed up closely because of the risk of persistence and/or recurrence of the disease.

Positive endocervical margins at conization: repeat conization or colposcopic follow-up? A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: The presence of residual cervical lesions was evaluated in patients submitted to repeat conization due to a finding of positive endocervical margins in a previous loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) specimen. In addition, the correlation between the presence of a residual lesion and risk factors for cervical cancer, and the use of repeat conization as first-choice treatment were analyzed. METHODS: This retrospective study included 44 patients submitted to repeat cervical conization or total hysterectomy following a finding of affected endocervical margins in LEEP specimens. The risk factors analyzed in relation to the presence of residual lesions were age, smoking, cone depth, glandular involvement and the histopathology findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2 or CIN 3/carcinoma in situ. The Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney t-test were used, with significance defined at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Residual lesions were found in 23/44 patients (52.3%), with 3/23 cases (13.0%) being compatible with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Of the 23 patients, six (26.1%) were submitted to total hysterectomy, with one case being compatible with a moderately differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Two patients with a histopathology finding of CIN 3/carcinoma in situ in the previous LEEP specimen were diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the repeat conization specimen. Residual lesions were not significantly associated with the risk factors evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the high frequency of residual disease found when positive endocervical margins were found in LEEP specimens, the indication for repeat cervical conization rather than colposcopic follow-up is viable and justified. Indeed, since the presence of a residual lesion and its progression in the cervical canal are more difficult to screen and control, patients unable to comply with regular colposcopic follow-up could benefit from repeat conization when trying to avoid a potentially negative outcome.

Management and follow-up of a case of gestational gigantomastia in a brazilian hospital.

Gigantomastia is a breast disorder that is associated with an exaggerated, rapid growth of the breasts, generally bilaterally. Since the pathology is rare and has seldom been described, its etiology has yet to be fully established, although there are speculations that a hormonal component may play an important role. Treatment is aimed at improving the clinical and psychological symptoms; however, the best therapeutic option varies from case to case. The present report describes a case of gestational gigantomastia seen at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Hospital da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, in a primigravida in the second trimester of pregnancy. The report follows this patient from her diagnosis until the completion of treatment with a third and final surgical procedure.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: a case with exuberant cutaneous horns in nipples.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a rare disorder characterized by persistent and recurrent infections by Candida due to changes in cellular immunity and may be associated with autoimmune endocrine disorders. It is refractory to the usual antifungal treatments, which merely control it with imidazole derivatives. This reports the case of a 50-year-old female patient who referred vaginal discharge associated with vulvar ulcerated lesions and whitish plaques on oral and genital mucous membranes of onset in adolescence besides cutaneous horns in nipples. The clinical picture, family history, culture and anatomopathological studies were consistent with chronic infection by candida. Treatment with systemic antifungals obtained partial response of lesions characterizing a clinical picture of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: a case with exuberant cutaneous horns in nipples

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is a rare disorder characterized by persistent and recurrent infections by Candida due to changes in cellular immunity and may be associated with autoimmune endocrine disorders. It is refractory to the usual antifungal treatments, which merely control it with imidazole derivatives. This reports the case of a 50-year-old female patient who referred vaginal discharge associated with vulvar ulcerated lesions and whitish plaques on oral and genital mucous membranes of onset in adolescence besides cutaneous horns in nipples. The clinical picture, family history, culture and anatomopathological studies were consistent with chronic infection by candida. Treatment with systemic antifungals obtained partial response of lesions characterizing a clinical picture of Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis.

Genital Schistosomiasis: A Report on Two Cases of Ovarian Carcinomas Containing Viable Eggs of Schistosoma mansoni.

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that is highly prevalent worldwide, with a variety of species being responsible for causing the disease. In Brazil, however, the only identified species is Schistosoma mansoni. The adult parasites inhabit the blood vessels of the hepatic portal system of the main host. The disease may range from being asymptomatic to provoking liver damage or portal hypertension. Furthermore, ectopic schistosomiasis may develop, and several hypotheses have been raised to explain the occurrence of the disease. This paper describes two cases, one in a 39-year-old woman and the other in a 47-year-old woman. Both had similar symptoms of pain and abdominal distension caused by a large abdominal/pelvic mass. Histopathology of the ovary showed a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the intestinal type in the first patient and a papillary serous carcinoma in the second, with both tumors containing viable eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. The neoplasms probably serve as a migratory route for the adult parasites and the embolization of eggs. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to confirm the malignization of a benign lesion due to the presence of Schistosoma mansoni. Few cases have been reported in the international literature on the association between ovarian schistosomiasis and neoplasms.

Estudo do perfil de resistência antimicrobiana das infecções urinárias em mulheres atendidas em hospital terciário / Study of antimicrobial resistance profile of urinary tract infections in women attended at a tertiary hospital

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As infecções do trato urinário (ITU) representam significativa morbidade na população e elevados custos nos cuidados de saúde, sendo cada vez mais comum o isolamento de cepas resistentes em pacientes não internados.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência e o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana dos uropatógenos que acometeram mulheres na cidade de Vitória, ES. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, baseado nos arquivos da microbiologia do hospital Universitário da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (HSCMV), no período de novembro de 2007 a março de 2010. Foram incluídas todas as uroculturas, sem limite de idade, oriundas da demanda ambulatorial. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 5564 uroculturas, sendo 585(10,5%) positivas, 4440 (79,8%) negativas e 539 (9,7%) contaminadas.Houve diferença significativa na média de idade do grupo com resultado positivo (43,62) e negativo (40,04), mas não houve diferença de média de idade quando se relacionou idade e micro-organismo isolado. Os uropatógenos mais comumente isolados foram: E. coli (69,9%), Klebsiela pneumoniae (6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5,1%) e Proteus mirabilis (3,1%). O antibiótico que apresentou o maior índice de resistência, tanto para E. Coli (44%),quanto para os demais micro-organismos (16,6%), foi a ampicilina. Observou-se, ainda, tendência significativa de resistência da E.Coli ao ciprofloxacino ao longo dos meses estudados.CONCLUSÃO: Este tipo de monitoramento constitui importante ferramenta na escolha antibiótica empírica segura e eficaz, de forma a evitar erro terapêutico, diminuindo a morbimortalidade,os custos e o desenvolvimento de multirresistência bacteriana.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The infection of the urinary tract (ITU) represents significant morbidity in the population, and elevated costs in health care, with the isolation of resistant strains in nonhospitalized patients being increasingly more common. Our goal was to evaluate the frequency and the profile of antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens that affected women in the city of Vitoria, in the state of Espírito Santo. METHOD: Retrospective study based on the archives of microbiology from the University Hospital of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (HSCMV), ES, from November 2007 to March 2010. All urocultures from outpatient's were included, with no limit of age. RESULTS: We analyzed 5564 urocultures, with 585 (10.5%) being positive, 4440 (79.8%) negative and 539 (9.7%) contaminated. There was significant difference in the mean age in the group with positive results (43.62) compared to the negative group (40.04), but there was no difference of mean age when age and microorganism isolated were compared. The more common isolated uropathogens were: E.coli (69.9%) Klebsiela pneumoniae (6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.1%), and Proteus mirabilis (3.1%). The antibiotics that presented the higher level of resistance, both for E.coli (44%) and for the other microorganisms (16.6%), was ampicillin. A significant tendency for resistance was also observed of E.coli to ciprofloxacin through the months of the study. CONCLUSION: This type of monitoring is an important toolw hen choosing empirical antibiotics that are safe and efficient, inorder to avoid therapeutic error, decrease morbimortality, costs, and the development of bacterial multiresistance.

Evaluation of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) in relation to menstrual cycle timing and reproductive parameters in post-menopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of -397T>C and -351A>G single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) - also called PvuII and XbaI, respectively - located on estrogen receptor alpha (ERS1) gene with age at menarche, menopause onset, fertility and miscarriage in a population of post-menopausal women. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with 273 healthy, high miscegenated, post-menopausal women (mean age of 63.1±9.7 years old). Subjects were genotyped for PvuII and XbaI SNPs by PCR-RFLP and confirmed by automatic sequencing. Reproduction informations (age at menarche, age at menopause, number of pregnancies, fertility rate and miscarriages) were obtained by retrospective study using a questionnaire. RESULT(S): Age at menarche, menopause onset, number of pregnancies, total fertility rate, and parity did not seem to be influenced by any of the studied genotypes (chi-square, p>0.05). However, women carrying the xx genotype showed a 44% higher chance of miscarriage, whereas this value did not trespass 16% for any other genotype analyzed. It has been also observed a higher occurrence of miscarriage in association with combined xxpp genotype of ERS1 gene (chi-square, p<0.01). CONCLUSION(S): The present data indicate that the studied SNPs on ERS1 gene do not influence the menstrual cycle timing and parity but there is a strong relationship between the xx ERS1 SNP genotype and the incidence of miscarriage in the post-menopausal population analyzed.

Prematurity and low birth weight among Brazilian adolescents and young adults.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight infants in young and older primiparous adolescents versus young adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Maternity hospital in Vitória, ES, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: During a 5-year period, young primiparous women who delivered a singleton liveborn infant over 22 weeks were interviewed while in the postpartum ward. INTERVENTIONS: A single investigator performed all the individual interviews to collect sociodemographic variables and obtained gestational age and birth weight from the patients' charts before discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were divided into 3 groups according to age: young adolescents (10-15 years), older adolescents (16-19 y) and young adults (20-24 y). The chi(2) test was used to compare the rate of preterm birth and low birth weight between the groups and analyze differences in sociodemographic characteristics between the 3 groups. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 1124 participants were included: 164 young adolescents, 537 older adolescents and 423 adults. The rate of preterm birth was similar in the 3 groups: 4.3%, 3.5% and 4.5%, for young adolescents, older adolescents and adults, respectively (P=0.48). The rate of low birth weight was significantly higher among young adolescents (9.7%) compared to older adolescents (6.1%) and young adults (3.5%) (P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of preterm birth was similar in adolescents and young adults. Adolescent mothers under 16 years of age have a significantly higher incidence of low birth weight infants.

Alteração tireoidiana: um fator de risco associado à depressão pós-parto / Thyroid dysfunction: a risk factor associated with post-partum depression

OBJETIVOS: estudar prevalência de depressão pósparto e sua correlação com alterações tireoidianas maternas. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional descritivo transversal realizado com 292 mulheres entre 31 e 180 dias após o parto, atendidas em unidades de saúde pública da Região Metroplitana de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Analisou-se a amostra segundo características sociodemográficas e clínico-obstétricas. Definiu-se transtorno depressivo pelo escore igual ou superior a 12 na Escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo (EPDS). A avaliação tireoidiana foi realizada por dosagens séricas de hormônio tireo-estimulante (TSH), tiroxina livre (T4 livre) e dos anticorpos anti-peroxidase (TPO). Para avaliação dos resultados utilizamos técnicas de análise descritiva e teste do χ2, adotando nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: 115 mulheres (39,4 por cento) apresentaram escores iguais ou superiores a 12 na EPDS, sendo consideradas deprimidas; 117 (60,6 por cento), com escores inferiores a 12, foram consideradas não deprimidas. A prevalência de depressão pós-parto no grupo com alterações tireoidianas foi de 36 por cento e no grupo sem alterações tireoidianas foi de 40 por cento. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na frequência de depressão entre as pacientes com e sem alterações tireoidianas (χ2=0,131;p=0,717). CONCLUSÕES: a frequência de DPP foi elevada, não sendo observada associação entre depressão pós-parto e alterações tireoidianas.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the prevalence of post partum depression and its correlation with thyroid dysfunction in mothers. METHODS: a descriptive, cross-cutting observational study carried out among 292 women between the 31st and 180th days post partum, attending public health units in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The sample was analyzed for socio-demographic and clinical-obstetric characteristics. A depressive disorder was defined by a score greater than or equal to twelve on the Edinburgh Post-Partum Depression Scale (EPDS). The thyroid was assessed using serum dosages of thyroid stimulating hormone, (TSH), free thyroxin (T4 free) and anti-peroxidase antibodies (TPO). Evaluation of the results was carried out using descriptive analysis and the χ2 test, with a level of significance of 5 percent. RESULTS: 115 women (39.4 percent) scored higher than 12 on the EPDS and were thereby deemed to be depressed; 117 (60.6 percent) scoring lower than 12 were considered not to be depressed. The prevalence of post-partum depression in the group with thyroid dysfunction was 36 percent and 40 percent in the group without thyroid dysfunction. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of depression between patients with or without thyroid dysfunction (χ2=0.131;p=0.717). CONCLUSIONS: the frequency of PPD was high but no association was observed between post-partum depression and thyroid dysfunction.

Coriocarcinoma primário de ovário: relato de um caso em paciente de 10 anos de idade / Primary ovarian choriocarcinoma: case report in a 10-year-old patient

O coriocarcinoma primário de ovário é um tumor raro que se origina de células germinativas, apresentando-se, na maioria das vezes, associado a outros tumores também de origem de células germinativas. Será descrito um caso de coriocarcinoma primário de ovário em uma menina de 10 anos que apresentava um quadro de sangramento vaginal e distensão abdominal. Após serem dosados os marcadores tumorais, que mostraram níveis de beta-HCG (gonadotrofina coriônica humana) e CA-125 altos, e alfafetoproteína normal, e ser realizado ultrassonografia abdominal, a paciente foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico. O exame histopatológico da peça cirúrgica e a imunohistoquímica foram compatíveis com diagnóstico de coriocarcinoma primário de ovário. Depois da cirurgia, apaciente evoluiu mal, indo a óbito no primeiro dia de pós-operatório devido a uma embolia tumoral pulmonar. Concluiu-se, então, que essa neoplasia é bastante agressiva, causando metástase precoce na maioria dos casos e apresentando prognóstico desfavorável, principalmente em jovens abaixo de 20 anos de idade.

Condiloma acuminado extragenital associado ao intertrigo: relato de caso / Acuminata condyloma extragenital associated to intertrigo: case report

Introdução: papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um vírus de DNA que pode infectar a pele e mucosas, com mais de 100 tipos diferentes descritos, sendo 45 deles considerados sexualmente transmissíveis. Objetivo: relatar o caso de condiloma acuminado extragenital, facilitado pela presença de intertrigo. Métodos: relato de caso de paciente com condiloma acuminado em região hipogástrica. Resultados: mulher atendida no ambulatório de DST/AIDS do setor de Ginecologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, em 2007, com 46 anos de idade, apresentando lesão condilomatosa extensa associada à intertrigo em região hipogástrica, acima da cicatriz de Pfannestiel e pequenas lesões vulvares compatíveis, clinicamente, com condilomas. Feita a opção pela exérese cirúrgica em lesão de abdome, a qual evidenciou condiloma acuminado e cauterização química de lesões vulvares. Solicitados exames para doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, que foram normais, incluindo citologia oncótica, colposcopia e teste rápido para gonococo e clamídia. Conclusão: a umidade e o calor locais, provocados pelo abdome em avental, com concomitância de área de intertrigo, poderiam justifi car a presença de condiloma acuminado nesta região.

Introduction: the human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus that can infect skin and mucosa, already described in more than 100 different types,being 45 of those considered to be sexually transmitted. Objective: report the extra-genital case of condyloma acuminata, facilitated by the presenceof intertrigo. Method: report of a case of female patient presenting extensive condylomatous lesions associated to intertrigo in hypogastric region. Results: a 46-year-old female patient assisted in the DST/AIDS Clinic of the Gynecology Sector at Santa Casa de Misericórdia from Vitória in 2007, presenting extensive condylomatous lesions associated to intertrigo in hypogastric region above the Pfannestiel scar and small compatible vulvar verrucosa lesions suggestive of condyloma. Surgical excision was made in the abdomen lesion which evidenced condyloma acuminatum and chemical cauterization of vulvar warts. Tests for sexually transmitted diseases were requested, all of them were normal, including oncotic cytology, colposcopy and fast test for gonococcus and chlamydia. Conclusion: local humidity and heat provoked by abdomen in apron with concurrence of area of intertrigo could justify the presence of condyloma acuminatum in this region.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da depressão pós-parto em amostra brasileira / Postpartum depression epidemiology in a Brazilian sample

INTRODUÇÃO: Sintomas psiquiátricos são freqüentes após o parto, momento marcado por alterações hormonais e mudanças no caráter social, na organização familiar e na identidade feminina. A Escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo (EPDS) é instrumento de auto-avaliação para rastrear depressão após a gestação, nem sempre adequadamente reconhecida pelos profissionais de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar prevalência de depressão pós-parto em mulheres atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com aplicação da EPDS em 292 mulheres que se encontravam entre 31 e 180 dias após o parto. Adotamos o ponto de corte < 12 na EPDS como depressão. RESULTADOS: Do total, 115 (39,4 por cento) apresentaram escores < 12, na EPDS, foram consideradas deprimidas; 177 (60,6 por cento), com escores < 12, foram consideradas não-deprimidas. Mulheres com menor escolaridade, maior número de gestações, maior paridade, maior número de filhos vivos e menor tempo de relacionamento apresentaram mais depressão. CONCLUSÃO: A elevada freqüência de depressão pós-parto está relacionada com fatores sociais, demonstrando a importância dos profissionais de atenção básica na detecção precoce da depressão, tendo como auxílio instrumentos como a EPDS, pela sua eficácia e praticidade.

INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric symptoms are frequent in the postpartum period, a moment marked by hormonal alterations and changes in social character, family organization and women's identity. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a self-reporting instrument to track depression after pregnancy, unfortunately not always properly supported by health care professionals. This study aimed at verifying the prevalence of postpartum depression in women receiving care at basic health units. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 292 women in the postpartum period (from day 31 to 180) who answered the EPDS questionnaire. Cut-off point < 12 for EPDS depression was used. RESULTS: A total of 115 women (39.4 percent) had scores < 12 in EPDS, classified as depressive; 177 (60.6 percent) had scores < 12 and were not considered depressive. Women with lower education, higher number of pregnancies, higher parity, higher number of live children and shortest relationship time had more depression. CONCLUSION: High frequency of postpartum depression is associated with social factors, which shows the importance of health care professionals in early detection of depression, with the aid of instruments such as EPDS, due to its efficacy and practicability.